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Symptoms of disease - violation of speech

It is the means of communication of people and form of the human thinking. Distinguish between the outer and inner speech. To communicate with each other people are using the foreign language. Varieties of foreign speech are oral and written speech. From the external speech develops speech interior (speech-«thinking»), which allows a person to think on the basis of linguistic material. It is not innate, and the ability of a person, it is formed gradually, together with the development of the child.
For normal formation of speech should, to the cerebral cortex has reached a certain maturity and authorities of the child's senses - hearing, sight, smell, touch, were also well developed. Especially it is important for the formation of speech development speech motor and speech hearing analyzers. All this is to a large extent depends on the environment. If the child does not receive new impressions, not yet created an environment conducive to the development of the movements and speech, was detained and his physical and mental development.
For the development of speech is of great importance psychophysical health of the child-his state of the higher nervous activity, higher mental processes (attention, memory, imagination, creative thinking), as well as his physical (somatic) status. Negative influence on the formation of a speech given by a variety of disease - dyspepsia, chronic pneumonia, chronic tonsillitis, adenoids, etc. They weaken the body of the child, and reduce its mental activity, often lead to psychological infantilizing and asthenization. The development of children's speech begins with three months, from the period of the gulen. This active period of preparation of the speech to the pronunciation of sounds. At the same time the process of developing an understanding of speech. First of all, the child begins to distinguish the intonation of speech, then the words designating objects and actions.
For nine or ten months of the child says certain words, consisting of identical pairs of syllables (mom, dad). Usually for the year of the dictionary increases to ten, twelve, and sometimes more words (Baba, CIS, mu, b, etc.).
It develops according to imitate, so great role in the formation of her during this period is a clear, slow speech adults surrounding the child. Items should be called correctly, without distorting the words, not imitating speech children. In this period it is necessary to develop passive vocabulary (these are the words which the child still does not say, but relates to the subject, shows him when naming). Gradually the child develops the active vocabulary (words, which he uses in his speech). To two years of active vocabulary in children has 250-300 words. At the same time formed and phrasal it. First, it is simple phrases of two-three words, gradually to three years, they become more complex. The active vocabulary reaches of 800-1000 words. It is already becoming a full-fledged means of communication. To five years of active vocabulary in children increases up to 2500-3000 words. The phrase longer and more complex, improving pronunciation. In the normal course of a speech to five-six years the child spontaneously corrected physiological disorders pronunciation.
To the age of seven, the child correctly pronounce all the sounds of their native language, has enough active vocabulary and virtually seizes grammatically correct speech.

Which diseases there is violation of speech

The reasons, which cause speech disturbance, experts are divided into two groups:
- organic cause damage to the Central areas of the brain responsible for reproduction and understanding of speech) or peripheral (structure, control articulation bodies) speech (agencies required for playback of speech);
- functional impede the delivery of the speech.

1. INTRAUTERINE PATHOLOGY
Negative factors are the most dangerous in the first three months of pregnancy. They can lead to an underdeveloped or damage of the Central nervous system of the child and, in particular, the speech areas of the cerebral cortex. Such factors include:
- Intrauterine fetal hypoxia (insufficient blood brain) of the fetus. The reasons may be different: gestosis (toxicosis), nephropathy (more severe stage of preeclampsia), the threat of miscarriage, placental pathology, increased blood pressure, medical (General) maternal diseases (diabetes mellitus, kidney, cardiovascular system diseases).
- Infectious diseases of the mother during pregnancy (rubella, influenza, scarlet fever, measles, infectious hepatitis, tuberculosis, polio, toxoplasmosis, herpes, syphilis, HIV-infection).
The most dangerous rubella: in the first months of pregnancy, it can cause a serious deviations in the development of the child (deafness, blindness, mental retardation, defects of the cardiovascular system).

Cytomegalovirus in the early stages of pregnancy leads to the death of the fetus. If the pregnancy continues, the virus violates the development of the fetus. Viral hepatitis can cause various anomalies of the development of the fetus at all stages of pregnancy.

Injuries to the mother during pregnancy, falls and bruises (especially in the abdomen). Can lead to abruption placenta and premature delivery.
- Incompatibility of the blood of the mother and the fetus. Antibodies from the mother's blood penetrate through the placenta and cause the disintegration of the red blood cells of the fetus, as a result of allocated toxic - indirect bilirubin. It damages the certain parts of the brain, which leads to congenital hearing impairment and speech.
- Breach of the terms of an unborn fetus (gestational age) - preterm (less than 38 weeks) and postmaturity (more than 40 weeks).
- Smoking. Nicotine, the main toxic com component of tobacco smoke has a negative effect on the processes of circulation of the blood in the uterus and the placenta. Under his influence, slows down the transportation of amino acids from the mother to the fetus, so the baby gaining weight poorly (the deficit of body weight when the child is Mature pregnancy can be up to 300 h and more, and it is saved in the first year of life). The future mothers who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day, are born hyperactive kids, the children are often difficult it is to make the study.
- Alcohol and narcotic substances. If an expectant mother abusing alcohol and drugs, violated the physical and mental development of the child. These kinds of children have impaired coordination of movements, reduced intelligence. They grow slower, differ hyperexcitability. They have the characteristic facial features: oval face, a low forehead, underdeveloped chin and ears; and strabismus.
- Reception of medicines. There are medicines, which the expectant mother categorically cannot be taken, some drugs can be used only on the advice of a doctor.
- Anti-cancer antibiotics (actinomycin, sarcolysin). Early in the pregnancy will cause malformations in the fetus.
- Ototoksicskie drugs. Antibiotics (streptomycin, monomitsin, kanamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, etc.) and dioretiki (furosemide), as well as aspirin, quinine cause of congenital deafness.
- Anticoagulants of indirect action, (bishydroxycoumarin, pelentan) quickly penetrate through the placenta and may cause fetal bleeding in the brain and internal organs.
- Antidepressant drugs (imipramine, amitriptyline), tranquilizers (diazepam, meprotan) in early pregnancy leads to intoxication of the fetus.
"An unfortunate interruption of pregnancy may cause deviations in the development of the fetus.
- Work in hazardous occupations (increased physical load, contact with chemically active substance, the impact of different types of radiation, such as ultraviolet and ionizing radiation) on early pregnancy leads to the death of the fetus or the violation of the development of the Central nervous system, the organs of sight and the hemopoietic system of the fetus.
- Stress, which is experiencing an expectant mother may lead to fetal hypoxia.

2. HEREDITARY PREDISPOSITION, GENETIC ANOMALIES
By inheritance may be transferred to peculiarities of the structure of speech, for example, improper planting and the number of teeth and the shape of the bite, predisposition to the defect structure of the hard and soft palate (cleft palate), and the peculiarities of the development of speech zones of the brain and even stuttering.

If one of the parents of late began to speak, may have similar problems in the child. Although speech violations are not always transmitted by inheritance, but to exclude such a possibility cannot be.

3. ADVERSE CONFINEMENT AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES
Birth injuries, causing intracranial hemorrhage, can damage the speech area of the brain. The reasons may be different: narrow pelvis mother, forceps on the head of the baby (do it to help him come to light).
- Asphyxia - lack of supply of the brain with oxygen because of respiratory disorders, for example, when entwining of the umbilical cord. Causes minimum damage to the brain.
- Small weight of the newborn (less than 1500 g) and subsequent intensive intensive activities, such as artificial ventilation of lungs for more than 5 days.
- A low score on a scale Apgar (conventional method of evaluation of the status of the newborn immediately after birth).

4. THE DISEASE, WHICH IS TRANSFERRED TO THE CHILD IN THE FIRST YEARS OF LIFE
Infectious viral disease neuroinfections (meningitis, meningitis) may cause decrease or loss of hearing.

Traumas and injuries of the brain. In severe cases, lead to intracranial bleeding, in result of the speech of the child deteriorates, it may even stop talking.

Injury of the facial skeleton (damage to the sky, the falling of teeth) interfere with the child to learn how to correctly pronounce the sounds and words.

Long-term catarrhal diseases, inflammatory diseases of middle and inner ear, resulting in temporary or permanent hearing loss, violate the speech development of the child.

Reception ototoxic antibiotics leads to hearing loss.
A child that grows in adverse social and living conditions, lack of emotional and verbal communication with relatives, especially with my mom. Often these children are called "difficult". In the forties of the last century the term syndrome of hospitalism. This concept was born in children's homes, where they have lived for children, whose parents died during the war.

Despite good living conditions, among other problems in children was observed delay in speech development. The fact that the staff could not give every child the same amount of attention as the mother. But in order to learn how to speak, the baby needs to hear the speech of others, have the opportunity to ask questions and receive answers to them.

The children, who frequently and long ill (somatic incapacity), may start to speak later than their peers.

A strong fear or stress, mental illness can cause stuttering, delay in speech development, St. Zuchary's disease (the child ceases to speak to others because of the psychological trauma).

Which doctor should I contact if there is a violation of speech

• Pediatrician
• Speech therapist
• Psychologist
• Teacher

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Do you feel disrupted speech? You should be very careful approach to your health in general. People pay not enough attention to the symptoms of the disease and don't realize that these diseases can be critically dangerous. There are many diseases that in the beginning didn't manifest in our body, but in the end it turns out, unfortunately, it have already been treated too late. Every disease has its own specific features typical symptoms - called symptoms of the disease. Definition of symptoms is the first step in the diagnosis of diseases in general. You just need a few times a year to be screened by a doctor, not only to prevent a terrible disease, but also to maintain a healthy spirit in a body and the organism in general.

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Map of the symptoms and the types of disorders is intended solely for educational purposes. We strongly recommend do NOT self-medicate; on all matters relating to the definition of the disease and ways of its treatment, contact your doctor. Md-tips is not responsible for the consequences of use information posted on the site.