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Symptoms of disease - rhythm disturbance

The human heart is working for all life. It contracts and relaxes from 50 to 150 times per minute. In the phase of systolic heart is reduced, providing a blood flow and delivery of oxygen and nutrients throughout the body. In the phase of diastole it rests. It is therefore very important that the heart has declined over the same periods of time. If a shorter period of systole, the heart does not have time to fully provide the movement of blood and oxygen. If reduces the period diastole is the heart does not have time to relax.

Violation of a heart rhythm is a violation of the frequency, continuity of the sequence and the contractions of the heart muscle.

Cardiac muscle - myocardium consists of muscle fibers. There are two types of such fibres:
- working myocardium or contractile to reduce
- conducting the myocardium of creating the momentum for a reduction in working infarction and provides the holding of the momentum.

Reduction of a cardiac muscle are provided with electrical impulses arising in sinoauricular or sinus node, which is located in the right atrium. Then the electrical impulses are to the conducting fibers fibrillation to atrioventricular node, located in the lower part of the right atrium. Of intra-auricular node begins beam Guisa. He goes to the ventricular septum, and is divided into two branches - the right and left feet beam Guisa. Feet beam Guisa in turn are divided into small fiber - Purkinje fibers - for which the electrical impulse reaches the muscle fibers. Muscle fibers is reduced under the influence of electric pulse in systole and relax in its absence, in diastole. The frequency of normal sinus rhythm) a reduction of about 50 reductions during sleep, to rest, up to 150-160 in physical and psycho-emotional loads, pre exposure to high temperatures.

Regulating effect on the activity of the sinus node affect the endocrine system, through contained in the blood of hormones and the autonomic nervous system - the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The electrical impulse in the sinus node is due to the difference of concentrations of electrolytes inside and outside the cells and their movement through the cell membrane. The main participants of this process - potassium, calcium, chloride, and to a lesser extent sodium.

The reasons for violations of the heart rhythm studied not completely. It is considered, that the main two reasons are changes in the nervous and endocrine regulation, or functional disorders, and anomalies of development of heart, its anatomic structure - violations of the organic. Often it is a combination of these underlying causes.

Increase in heart rate more than 100 per minute is called sinus tachycardia. Contraction of the muscle of the heart during this full-fledged and heart complexes on the electrocardiogram are not changed, just registered a rapid rhythm. This may be the reaction of a healthy person to stress or physical exertion, but it can also be a symptom of heart failure, various poisonings, diseases of the thyroid gland.

Slowing heart rate less than 60 per minute is called sinus bradycardia. Heart complexes on ECG also do not change. Such a situation might arise in well-trained physically people (athletes) . Bradycardia are also accompanied by diseases of the thyroid gland, brain tumors, poisoning by mushrooms, hypothermia, etc.

Violations of the conductance and heart rhythm is a very frequent complications of cardiovascular disease. Most of the violations of the heart rate may occur:
- arrythmia (extraordinary reduction)
- cardiac fibrillation (completely the wrong beat)
- paroxysmal tachycardia (rapid increase in heart rate of 150 to 200 beats per minute).

Classification of violations of rhythm is very complicated. Arrhythmia and blockade may occur in any place of the conducting system of the heart. From the place of occurrence of arrhythmias or blockades depends on their appearance.

Ekstrasistolia or ciliated arrhythmia is felt by the patient as a heartbeat, the heart beats faster than usual or appear interruptions in the heart.

If the patient feels freezing, arrest and while he's had some dizziness and loss of consciousness, most likely the patient's blockade of cardiac rhythm or aetiology (slowing heart rate).

Detected when the patient of any breach of a heart rhythm need to conduct a full examination to clarify the reasons of occurrence of arrhythmias.

The main method of diagnostics of infringements of heart rhythm serves as an electrocardiogram. ECG helps to determine the type of arrhythmia.

But some arrhythmias occur occasionally. Therefore, for their diagnosis is applied Holter monitoring. This study provides a record of the electrocardiogram in the course of a few hours or days. When the patient to lead a normal life and keeping a diary, where the notes on the clock performed action (sleep, rest, physical load). When decrypting the ECG electrocardiogram data are compared with data of the diary. Find out the frequency, duration, time of occurrence of arrhythmias and their connection with physical activity, at the same time analyze the signs of lack of blood supply to the heart.

Which diseases there is rhythm disturbance

Causes of violations of the heart rhythm
Functional changes in a healthy heart (psychogenic disorders), that is such, which arise for the background of neuroses, cortico visceral changes in the reflex influences from the other organs - the so-called viscero cardiac reflexes. Organic defeat of the heart: it is quite manifestations of ischemic heart disease, heart disease, myocarditis, myocardiopathy. Toxic damage to the myocardium, most often in case of overdose of medicinal means about the pathology of the endocrine glands (thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, feohromotsytoma). Electrolyte shifts, exchange of potassium and magnesium, including gipokaliemia when receiving cardiac glycosides, saluretikov and other drugs. Traumatic damage of the heart. Age-related changes: the weakening of the nervous influences to the heart, reducing automaticity of sinus node, increased sensitivity to kateholaminam - it contributes to the formation of hotbeds ectopic.

Which doctor should I contact if there is a rhythm disturbance

• Cardiologist
• Arrhythmologist

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Do you feel disrupted rhythm? You should be very careful approach to your health in general. People pay not enough attention to the symptoms of the disease and don't realize that these diseases can be critically dangerous. There are many diseases that in the beginning didn't manifest in our body, but in the end it turns out, unfortunately, it have already been treated too late. Every disease has its own specific features typical symptoms - called symptoms of the disease. Definition of symptoms is the first step in the diagnosis of diseases in general. You just need a few times a year to be screened by a doctor, not only to prevent a terrible disease, but also to maintain a healthy spirit in a body and the organism in general.

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Map of the symptoms and the types of disorders is intended solely for educational purposes. We strongly recommend do NOT self-medicate; on all matters relating to the definition of the disease and ways of its treatment, contact your doctor. Md-tips is not responsible for the consequences of use information posted on the site.