Система Orphus

Symptoms of disease - violation of attention

Attention disorders - morbid disorders, to a different extent observed for weariness and with organic lesions of the brain, especially the frontal lobes. Characterised by inadequate changes direction, selectivity of activities and the coordination of individual activities. Can manifest itself in the narrowing of the attention, in its volatility (distractibility on the side of stimuli).

The first type of negligence is a distraction ("flutter" attention), defined by the light of involuntary switchable weakly concentrated attention. This type of accident is characteristic preschool and people weakened, as a result of the strong exhaustion or illness.

The second type of negligence, on the contrary, is determined by the high intensity and concentration of attention given the difficulties switching. This type of "carelessness of a scientist", focused on his thoughts. This type of negligence is inherent in persons with obsessive thoughts.

The third type of negligence is characterized by a very low concentration of attention and even more weak it switchable. This type of negligence is connected with a permanent or temporary reduction of strength and mobility of nervous processes. In healthy people, such inattention is temporary as a result of overwork. In the clinic of such attention is observed in the conditions of oxygen starvation of the brain, in the case of cerebral atherosclerosis in the elderly ("old man's absent-mindedness").

Complaints to the attention disorder become a sign of disease only in the context of the General somatic or mental disorder. In most cases we can speak about the three major groups of attention disorders: hypoprosexie, hyperprosexie and paraprosexie.

When hypoprosexie there are a variety of options for the weakening of attention. Complete inability to concentrate, focus is called aprosexia. The last is accompanied with the increased distractibility. Most often in the clinic met by a combination of reducing possibilities to concentrate with the weakening of the stability of attention. Often, these processes are accompanied by increase of the volume of attention.

Distraction of attention - a violation of the long-term ability to maintain its orientation, suffers concentration. Attention becomes unstable, the patient is not in a state of long-term concentration on a particular form of activity, dominated by involuntary attention.

Exhaustion of attention - progressive weakening of its intensity in the process of work, although it was originally a high degree of concentration. Into force of this sharply decreases the productivity of the work, it becomes impossible absorption, absorption of activities.

The narrowing of the attention - pathological concentration, due to the weakness of its distribution. Hence the content of the consciousness to become the most person close to the patient experience. The attention span is limited to objects with situational or individually-personal significance.

Weakening of attention is celebrated in different asthenic conditions, particularly if they are accompanied by volatility degree of wakefulness. Fast exhaustion of attention is characteristic of patients with injuries of skull and other organic diseases of the brain. High distractibility involuntary attention to casual and neutral stimuli is typical for manic States and at a loss.

In some disorders of consciousness arises sometimes phenomenon, close to the increased distractibility attention, is a symptom of a hyper metamorphosis. Patients with particular severity always notice the change of shape and spatial localization of surrounding objects, they are all the time trying to make sure that the touch of a hand or a permutation which are in the field of view of things.

When hyperprosexie attention strengthened, and often at the expense of one-sided its direction. For example, patients with hypochondriacal States are pathologically increased attention to their painful feelings and everything that is related to health.

Like the complete opposite of a symptom distractibility is a pathological stuck, stiffness of attention, which is characteristic of epilepsy patients, and depression. In these cases, the observed violations of the shift focus from one object to another, depending on the low mobility of the main nervous processes in the cerebral cortex. In some cases, increased attention arises in the form of the phenomenon of "sticking" of attention to a particular thought or idea. Checking of the patient, something or other representation, thought lingers in the mind, which is often expressed in the speech of a repetition of the same words (perseveration). The dominant ideas (in pathological cases) are also often find the explanation of the phenomena of a kind of "sticking" of attention to certain ideas, and the patient should be aware that they occupy in his mind undeservedly a great place.

Paraprosexie - blowjob attention, which is often understood as its concentration on objects of the pathological nature (delirium, hallucinations). However paraprosexie should be seen more in terms of inconsistency, the inadequacy of the initial installation of voluntary attention and result. Most often this occurs when too great strain attention, which in itself becomes unbearable for the nervous system that causes paradoxical, perverted reaction from the side of attention. Paraprosexie can also occur in healthy people. For example, the athlete at the start not to hear the firing of a gun, while actively focused and prepared for this moment.

Attention disorder in the focal pathology of the brain is divided into modal and non-specific and modal-specific violations.

Modal and non-specific violations of attention - apply to all types and levels of attention.

The first level of destruction - level lower divisions of the non-specific structures (the oblong and medium-sized brain). The sick, fast exhaustion, sharp narrowing of the scope and violation of concentration of attention. These symptoms manifest themselves in any form of activity because of the weakness of those mechanisms, which support attention. To a greater extent suffer from involuntary forms of attention (the sick easier to concentrate, if the job they personally are interested in).

The second level - the level of diencephalic ilimbic departments. The attention disorders are manifested rougher. Such patients often just can't concentrate on anything, or their attention extremely unstable.

The third level of the defeat of nonspecific the middle of the structures of the brain - this is the level of mediobasal departments of the frontal and temporal lobes. This mainly suffers any attention, and involuntary pathologically strengthened. In patients, a so-called "field behavior," i.e., they become overly reactive to all stimuli around him - turn on any audio, join in the conversations of the neighbors, etc. Such uncontrolled reactivity reflects the irradiation of the basic forms of indicative activities. In patients with lesions in the frontal lobes there is often a kind of violation of arbitrary switching attention to new action, thus there is a repeated execution of (perseveration) of one and the same actions.

Modal-specific attention disorders are manifested only in one sphere - visual, auditory, tactile or motive. They cannot be considered as perceptual or as a misunderstanding of the instructions. They are manifested in the specific difficulties of awareness in the simultaneous presentation of the "double" incentives one modality (two visual, two of hearing or two tactile).

Visual neglect can be identified in the study fields of view of the perimeter at the presentation of the subject is not one of the stimulus-the object to the right or left hand, but two. In the usual procedure of the study of the field of view of the right and left retained, and using the methods of the double stimulation is revealed asymmetry fields of view. The phenomena of visual neglect connected with the specifics of the right hemisphere or they appear as symptoms in the initial stages of the defeat of the rear departments of the right hemisphere and then often turn in the Gnostic disorder or a unilateral violation of fields of view (hemianopsia).

Auditory inattention reveal the simultaneous presentation of the different sound incentives in both ears. Healthy people (right-handed) hear the words of 10-15% better right ear than the left ("the effect of the right ear"). In patients with localized lesions of the brain interest asymmetry increases dramatically (up to 50-60% and more). Thus, in this case, there is the ignoring of the left ear coming incentives. The sound is the same, presented separately for the right and left ear, are perceived normally. Auditory inattention can be observed in the defeat of the hearing analyzer system or a more extensive locations of the lesions within the hemisphere (right temporal lobe).

Tactile inattention identify with the eyes closed, simultaneous touching on the right and left of sharp objects (for example, with the tips of two pencils) to the skin of the palms of her hands. You want to determine how many was touching - one or two. With the defeat of the right parietal lobe of the share of the patient is more often "did not notice" the touch of the left hand (single touch felt clearly). Much less is detected ignoring touch on the right.

Motor inattention identify when performing a two-handed motor tasks. The patient starts to perform the task properly, but then the one hand slows down the movement is "off". The mistakes of their patient is not aware of, but on the separation of test symptom of ignoring disappears. Motor inattention usually occurs when the localization of the lesion in the right hemisphere (pre-motor region).



Which diseases there is violation of attention

  • Hypoprosexie
  • Hyperprosexie
  • Paraprosexie
  • Brain injury
  • Epilepsy
  • Depression


Which doctor should I contact if there is a violation of attention

  • Psychiatrist
  • Psychologist
  • Neurologist


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Do you feel disrupted attention? You should be very careful approach to your health in general. People pay not enough attention to the symptoms of the disease and don't realize that these diseases can be critically dangerous. There are many diseases that in the beginning didn't manifest in our body, but in the end it turns out, unfortunately, it have already been treated too late. Every disease has its own specific features typical symptoms - called symptoms of the disease. Definition of symptoms is the first step in the diagnosis of diseases in general. You just need a few times a year to be screened by a doctor, not only to prevent a terrible disease, but also to maintain a healthy spirit in a body and the organism in general.

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