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Symptoms of disease - violation of calcium metabolism

In blood calcium (CA) is located in three different forms. Approximately half of the calcium is in the form of infiltrating, poorly soluble compounds with proteins. The other half is free ultrafiltruemy calcium, able to pass through the cell membrane, with the 1/3 part of it is in the ionized form. It is ionized calcium play the principal role in the regulation of all physiological processes.

Functions of calcium in the body:
- Regulation of all processes occurring in the body.
Calcium is the main universal controller for a living cell.
- Calcium - antioxidant.
- Supporting-motor function. In children of the first year of life speed of destruction and construction of the bone tissue is 100%, in older children - 10% of adult-2-3%. As a result, in periods of intensive growth of children and adolescents skeleton is completely updated for 1-2 years. Peak bone mass is achieved by age 25. To 40-50 years of processes of destruction may exceed the building. The result is the loss of bone mass, or osteoporosis. It is established that an inadequate calcium intake during childhood and adolescence leads to a reduction of peak bone mass by 5-10%, which increases the frequency of hip fracture at the age of 50%.
- Maintenance of homeostasis of calcium in the body.
- Alkalinization liquid environments of an organism. One of the main functions of calcium. For example, the results of the analyses of the incurable cancer patients (cancer of the III and IV degrees) have shown that they have or have all had a pronounced deficiency of calcium. Such patients prescribed drugs calcium and vitamins, and in some cases, there was a significant positive effect. Thus, the alkaline environment prevents the development of cancer diseases.
- Regulation of the neuro-muscular excitability.
- The normalization of the activity of the heart and blood vessels: the normalization of contractile activity of the heart rhythm and conduction, blood pressure, antiatherosclerotic action.
- Is a critical component of the coagulation system.
- Has anti-inflammatory, protiwallergicescoe effect.
- Ensures the stability of the organism to external adverse factors.

How much calcium should be the human body?
The average adult should consume in a day about 1 g of calcium, although for the constant renewal of tissue structure is required only 0.5 g. This is due to the fact that the ions of calcium absorbed (absorbed in the intestine) only 50%, because formed poorly soluble compounds. Growing organism, pregnant and nursing women, people with high physical and emotional activity, as well as men, chained to the bed, require increased amounts of calcium - an estimated 1.4 - 2 g per day. In winter period of calcium required more.
It is necessary to remember, that calcium is well absorbed by the body only one of the products not subjected to heat treatment. For thermal processing of organic CA instantly turns into an inorganic state and practically not absorbed by the body.

Factors influencing the absorption of calcium the body
1. It is necessary to take along with protein food, with amino acids (as carriers of calcium in the cell are the amino acids).
2. Medicinal calcium should drink 1 glass of a liquid with lemon juice, which increases the absorption of calcium salts. This is especially important for people with low acidity gastric juice, which declines with age and with different diseases.
3. It is necessary to monitor sufficient drinking mode: not less than 1.5 litres of fluid a day (up to a maximum of 14 hours, with account of the world of the kidneys). In case of constipation amount of fluid should be increased.
4. Bile acids as well contribute to the absorption of calcium. At various diseases of the gall bladder, connected with the decrease of its functions, the reception of calcium should be combined with the admission of choleretic funds.
5. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormones glands promotes absorption of calcium in the gut and the deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bones.
6. For the absorption of calcium required, such vitamins as A, C, E and trace elements - magnesium, copper, zinc, selenium, and in a strictly balanced manner.

Diseases, requiring the appointment of calcium, in connection with the shortage:
- diseases of the Central nervous system;
- oncological diseases;
- rickets;
- undernutrition;
- diseases of joints (arthritis, osteoporosis, etc.);
- diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (acute pancreatitis (with a deficit of calcium disrupted the production of pancreatic enzymes), a gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, malabsorption syndrome or impaired intestinal absorption, biliary tract, cholelithiasis, etc.);
- cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, arterial hypertension, violations of rhythm and conduction);
rheumatic disease (it is established, that the children of calcium deficiency is observed already in the beginning of the disease);
- chronic kidney disease, renal failure;
- dermatological diseases (psoriasis, * atopic dermatitis, allergic reactions) - on the basis of medical effect - alkalization the organism;
- endocrine pathology (gipoparatireoz, type 1 diabetes mellitus, etc.);
- cystic fibrosis;
- chronic pulmonary disease (it is established, that in case of increased bronchial secretions noted the loss of calcium);
- anemia (always accompanied by a deficiency of calcium, which leads to the deficiency of iron, therefore, in Oncology, by default, in diseases of the digestive tract - anemia - due to a shortage of calcium);
- dysplasia («weak») of the connective tissue (myopia, mitral valve prolapse, orthopedic pathology - flatfoot, scoliosis, the deformation of the chest, even small).

Conditions that require the appointment of calcium, in connection with its increased costs organism:
- sport, increased physical loads;
- pregnancy, lactation;
- the menopause;
- periods of rapid growth in children and adolescents;
- stress;
- immobilization;
- winter period;
- preoperative and postoperative.

Which diseases there is violation of calcium metabolism

Causes of the violation of calcium metabolism:

Causes of excess calcium
Overdose of vitamin D, some of the disease with a violation of the mineral exchange (rickets, osteomalacia), sarcoidosis bones, a disease Itsenko-Kushinga, acromegaly, hypothyroidism, malignant tumors.

Consequences of an excess of calcium
Overdose of calcium more than 2 g may cause hyperparathyroidism.
Initial signs of delay of growth, anorexia, constipation, thirst, polyuria, muscle weakness, depression, irritation, hyperreflexia, dizziness, disturbance of the balance when walking, the oppression of the patellar reflex (and other), psychosis, lapse of memory.
For long hypercalcaemia develops calcinosis, arterial hypertension, nephropathy.

Causes of calcium deficiency
- Gipoparatireoz, spazmofilia, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine diseases, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, hypovitaminosis of vitamin D.

Contribute to a shortage of calcium in the body:
- Sedentary and inactive way of life. Immobilization reduces the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract.
"One of the reasons of calcium deficiency in the body is low (less than 8 mg/l) its content in natural water. Chlorination of water causes additional calcium deficiency.
- Stress.
- Many medicines (hormones, laxatives, antacids, diuretics, adsorbents, anticonvulsants, tetracycline). Calcium may form such compounds with tetratziklinami, which are not absorbed in the intestine. With long-term use tetracycline they are washed out from the body, and there is a need for replenishment from the outside.
- The consumption of a large number of proteins. The increase in the daily number of animal proteins to 50% causes the excretion of calcium from the body also 50%.
- The consumption of large amounts of sugar (when dissolved in the stomach prevents the absorption of calcium, violates the phosphorous-calcium metabolism).
- The consumption of large amounts of salt (it promotes the excretion of calcium from the body)
- It is established, that at cooking and frying products of organic calcium in them goes into inorganic, which is practically not absorbed.
- Other products with a sour reaction (animal fats, products made of high-grade flour, oxalic acid, spinach, rhubarb) lead to disorders of calcium metabolism.
- Early artificial feeding of children up to a year, as the calcium in the artificial mixtures absorbed by 30%, and from the milk to 70%. Thus covered by the daily need of nursing in calcium with proper nutrition, a nursing mother.

Investigation of calcium deficiency
Initial signs: the tension, irritability, bad hair, nails, teeth. Calcium deficiency in children may manifest itself in the desire to eat dirt and paint.
- Lack of calcium affects the muscles, contributing to their spasm and a sense of flowing, until convulsive attacks (tetany). Is characterized by tremor of the hands (a convulsive readiness), night muscle cramps; the morning seizures by type hypoglycaemic. - This includes and intestinal cramps, which are called spastic colitis or spastic constipation. Premenstrual syndrome and spasticskie pains in the abdomen from women during menstruation caused by deficiency of calcium.
- Further developing osteoporosis. Calcium is present in the blood always, and if it is not supplied with food supplements and food, then washed out of the bones. This is manifested pain in the bones, the muscles. Increases the risk of fractures in the most minor loads, the most dangerous and the most frequent of which - a fracture of the femoral neck.
- Calcium deficiency contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, arthritis, osteochondrosis, hypertension.
- Deficiency of calcium and magnesium affects the course of allergic diseases.

Which doctor should I contact if there is a violation of calcium metabolism

• Endocrinologist
• Pediatrician
• Therapeutist
• Family doctor

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Do you feel calcium metabolism disrupted? You should be very careful approach to your health in general. People pay not enough attention to the symptoms of the disease and don't realize that these diseases can be critically dangerous. There are many diseases that in the beginning didn't manifest in our body, but in the end it turns out, unfortunately, it have already been treated too late. Every disease has its own specific features typical symptoms - called symptoms of the disease. Definition of symptoms is the first step in the diagnosis of diseases in general. You just need a few times a year to be screened by a doctor, not only to prevent a terrible disease, but also to maintain a healthy spirit in a body and the organism in general.

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Map of the symptoms and the types of disorders is intended solely for educational purposes. We strongly recommend do NOT self-medicate; on all matters relating to the definition of the disease and ways of its treatment, contact your doctor. Md-tips is not responsible for the consequences of use information posted on the site.